Grass pollen

Rye pollen (Secale cereale L.) [Poaceae]
Timothy pollen (Phleum pratense L.) [Poaceae]
Corn pollen (Zea mays L.) [Poaceae]

Pollen is the male fertilizing element of flowering plants. It consists
of fine yellow grains that are dispersed by the wind and also by
insects such as honeybees.A mechanical method of harvesting pollen
by puncturing the pollen husk and extracting the nutrients has produced
a product that has been tested in numerous studies (Schulz,
Hänsel, and Tyler, 2001).

Cernilton was tested in clinical studies for treatment of symptomatic
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also known as benign prostatic
hypertrophy and prostatic adenoma. BPH is a nonmalignant
enlargement of the prostate that is common in men over 40 years of age.
Symptoms include hesitancy in initiating the urinary stream, a weak
or intermittent stream, terminal dribbling of urine, increased urinary
urgency and frequency (diuresis: increased formation and release of
urine; and nocturia: frequent and/or excessive urination at night), and
sensation of incomplete voiding.

The progressive symptoms of BPH have been categorized by
Vahlensieck, Alken, and others. The Vahlensieck classification has
four stages of symptoms. Stage I is characterized by no voiding difficulties,
no residual urine, and a urine flow of more than 15 ml per second.
Stage II is characterized by transient voiding difficulties and
urine flow between 10 and 15 ml per second. Stage III is characterized
by constant voiding dysfunction, urine flow less than 10 ml per
second, residual urine greater than 50 ml, and a trabeculated (ridged)
bladder. Stage IV is characterized by residual urine volume greater
than 100 ml and bladder dilatation (Schulz, Hänsel, and Tyler, 2001).

The Alken classification has three stages. Stages I to III are similar to
Vahlensieck stages II through IV. Stage I is characterized by an increase
in the frequency of urination, pollakiuria (abnormally frequent
urination), nocturia, delayed onset of urination, and weak urinary
stream. Stage II is characterized by the beginning of the decomposition
of the bladder function accompanied by formation of residual
urine and urge to urinate. Stage III is characterized by decomposition
of the bladder, vesicular overflowing, continuous drip incontinence,
and damage to the urinary system and kidneys due to regressive obstruction
(Löbelenz, 1992).